Research at the institute

PreprintJul 2026

Multi-Jurisdictional Legal Identity Assurance for Capability Gating

A Design-Science Proposal for Tiered, Reusable Identity Assurance of Natural, Juridical, and Machine Entities

Walter Kurz

Swissi Institute for AI

Flat maximum verification charges every participant for the rarest high-risk case, and excludes those who cannot clear a bar they never needed to. This model holds the assurance state apart from the capability gate that consumes it, so identity demand follows the act and the weight of its consequences rather than mere presence.

PreprintJul 2026

Credentials and Triangulated Trust Signals on a Single Accountable Identifier

A Hash-Anchored Distributed-Ledger Framework for Portable Identity across Jurisdictions

Walter Kurz

Swissi Institute for AI

Digital identity stays rigid while it is bound to provider accounts, mutable handles and local wallet schemes. An accountable hash-anchor tier sits above them: an inert root anchor, unlinkable profile anchors for distinct contexts, and gate-specific assurance evaluated at a point in time.

PreprintJul 2026

Identity-Staked Consensus and Collusion Resistance in Chartered Validator Sets

A Trust Model for Decentralised and Compliant Distributed Settlement Infrastructure

Walter Kurz

Swissi Institute for AI

Permissioned ledgers are commonly dismissed as centralised because admission is restricted. Separating permissioning from control distribution makes validator identity externally costly collateral: public legal identity, charter state, liability and audit exposure, with affiliation-aware voting caps and per-member collusion margins.

PreprintMay 2026

Firm Valuation When AI Shapes the Business Model

A Milestone-Based Real-Options Framework for the AI Valuation Uncertainty Problem

Walter Kurz¹, Wojtek Stricker¹, Stefan Marx², Frank Reinhardt², Florian Kollberg²

¹Swissi Institute for AI²Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Umwelt Nürtingen-Geislingen

Discounted cash flow, the IDW S 1 income approach and market multiples compress milestone probabilities, continuation options and risk shifts into opaque aggregate parameters. A milestone-gated real-options overlay decomposes that value into auditable components, with a Success Readiness Index deriving per-option probabilities from structured pairwise comparisons.

PaperMar 2026

Functional Architecture of European Electricity Trading Markets

Requirements for AI Supported Trading Systems under Regulatory Constraints

Walter Kurz, Wojtek Stricker

Swissi Institute for AI

European electricity trading runs as a constrained multi-layer system in which legal design, exchange microstructure and network physics execute jointly across forward, day-ahead, intraday and balancing horizons. The paper specifies an AI-supported trading architecture with a permission gate on executable actions and fail-closed control logic under REMIT, MiFID II, MiFIR and EMIR.

PaperAug 2025

Tiered compliant AI system for regulated financial institutions

Multi agentic execution capable framework with built in DLT audit trails for financial operations in DACH

Walter Kurz, Reinhard Magg

Swissi Institute for AI

Regulation is treated as an orientation layer rather than a deterministic ruleset: a matrix of regulatory intent and exposure is compiled into concrete prohibitions, obligations and runtime budgets. Evidence, decisions and reason codes bind to a permissioned DAG, so a supervisor can replay how an outcome was reached and attribute failure.

PaperAug 2025

A regulatory-compliant AI and verification system for higher education under ESG-aligned constraints

Walter Kurz, Michel Malara, Wojtek Stricker

Swissi Institute for AI

Two linked components for higher education: a role-specific multi-agent framework for institutional operations, and a decentralised verification layer for audit, credential authentication and tamper-evident records. GDPR, the EU AI Act, EQF, ECTS and ESG directives are encoded as structural constraints rather than checked after the fact.

PaperAug 2025

Federated AI Infrastructure with Verifiable Storage and ESG Integration

Swiss compliant federated AI DLT network using Nash equilibrium and ESG metrics

Walter Kurz, Michel Malara, Velimir Dedić

Swissi Institute for AI

Centralised AI infrastructure scales, and collides with latency, auditability and energy constraints. The design separates centralised training from decentralised inference and storage across five node classes, tying a size-neutral availability floor to tiered rewards for service level, ESG performance and anti-concentration.

PaperAug 2025

Generic Agnostic AI and Distributed Ledger Enterprise System for Scalable Domain Adaptation

Architecture and Methodology for Vertical-Specific AI Deployment from a Unified Core Framework

Walter Kurz, Michel Malara, Velimir Dedić

Swissi Institute for AI

Compliance in AI deployments is usually applied afterwards, through prompt engineering, rather than built into the foundation. This architecture encodes regulatory, governance and ESG requirements as an objective-under-constraints problem, so every specialised agent operates within legally admissible and auditable bounds before any domain work begins.

PaperMay 2025

Formal Multi-Agent AI System Architecture

Generic AI Framework Development under Solvency II and AI Act in Austria and Germany

Walter Kurz

Swissi Institute for AI

The insurer is modelled as a constrained optimisation entity under solvency, legal, ESG and operational boundaries, then decomposed into specialised agents for capital, underwriting, claims, compliance and fraud. Human-in-the-loop roles enter through tiered access control, with an orchestrator enforcing regulatory admissibility across the set.